Which muscle groups are trained during swimming?

When you swim you use the entire body - quite literally. Both the legs, arms and the core are in constant movement, and thereby you train a wide number of muscle groups when you swim. 

Swimming also enhances cardiovascular fitness and joints

In addition to being very beneficial for the muscles and significantly strengthening them, swimming can be quite challenging, thus improving your overall cardiovascular fitness. Simply swimming back and forth for over 10 minutes can easily get your heart rate up. As a small bonus, swimming is also excellent for the joints, as they are hardly stressed in the "weightless" water.

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Freestyle (crawl) specifically targets the arms, chest, abdominal muscles, hips and thighs

You've probably tried swimming freestyle before and discovered that it quickly becomes very challenging. This is partly because there's never really a pause in freestyle; both legs and arms are in motion simultaneously, and you also keep your head submerged. These three factors contribute not only to improving your cardiovascular fitness but also to muscle training. Therefore, freestyle is particularly effective if you want to strengthen your arms, hips, thighs, chest, and abdominal muscles.  

Breaststroke specifically targets the inner and outer thighs, upper arms, and the upper chest

You can probably feel it when you swim breaststroke back and forth in the pool. When you kick with your legs, you particularly engage the inner thighs, and when you pull through the water with your arms, it directly affects the upper arms. But remember: It's better to have large and powerful arm/leg strokes where you really push against the water than small and quick arm/leg strokes - this will significantly increase your muscle strength!

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Butterfly trains the abdominal muscles, buttocks, back and shoulders

When it comes to working out muscle groups, butterfly is clearly the most effective (but also the most challenging). Not only is butterfly demanding on your cardiovascular fitness, but it also puts the muscles to a serious test. Particularly, the abdominal muscles, buttocks, back, and shoulders are engaged, making butterfly an excellent choice for strengthening these muscle groups significantly.

Backstroke trains the thighs, arms, hips and back.

If you want to strengthen your legs, backstroke is the way to go. It's really challenging to keep your body afloat, and in this stroke, the legs play a significant role.

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